To create a bootable USB installer for Debian 12, you can use a tool called Rufus. Follow these steps:
Step 1 : Download Rufus: Visit the official Rufus website (https://rufus.ie/) and download the latest version of Rufus.
Step 2 : Download the Debian 12 ISO image: Visit the official Debian website (https://www.debian.org) and navigate to the Downloads page. Download the appropriate ISO image for your system architecture (e.g., amd64 for 64-bit systems).
Step 3 : Insert a USB drive: Insert a USB drive into your computer. Ensure that it has sufficient capacity to hold the Debian ISO image and that you don't have any important data on it, as it will be formatted during the process.
Step 4 : Run Rufus: Open the Rufus application that you downloaded.
Step 5 : Select the USB drive: In Rufus, under the "Device" section, select the USB drive you inserted from the dropdown menu.
Step 6 : Select the Debian ISO image: Under the "Boot selection" section, click the "Select" button and browse to the location where you downloaded the Debian 12 ISO image. Select the ISO image.
Step 7 : Configure Rufus settings: Leave the other settings as default, unless you have specific requirements. The default settings usually work fine. Ensure that the partition scheme is set to "MBR" if you intend to boot on a traditional BIOS system or "GPT" for UEFI systems.
Step 8 : Create the bootable USB: Click the "Start" button in Rufus to begin the process. You may see a warning that the USB drive will be formatted. Make sure you have backed up any important data from the USB drive, as it will be erased.
Step 9 : Wait for the process to complete: Rufus will format the USB drive and copy the Debian 12 ISO image onto it. This process may take a few minutes, depending on the size of the ISO image and the speed of your USB drive.
Step 10 : Eject the USB drive: Once Rufus has finished creating the bootable USB drive, you can safely eject the USB drive from your computer.
Your USB drive is now ready with the bootable Debian 12 installer. You can use it to install Debian on a computer by booting from the USB drive. Remember to adjust the boot order in the BIOS or UEFI settings of the target computer to prioritize booting from the USB drive.